Which of the following social factors is a risk factor related to child abuse and neglect?

Low socio-economic status (SES) is a recognized risk factor related to child abuse and neglect because financial strain can create stress in families, reducing the capacity for effective parenting and increasing the likelihood of negative outcomes for children. Families with low SES may struggle to meet basic needs such as housing, food, and healthcare, which can lead to feelings of frustration and helplessness. Such conditions are known to contribute to an environment where abuse and neglect may occur more readily. In contrast, higher socio-economic status often correlates with better access to resources and support, which can mitigate risks. Understanding the impact of socio-economic factors is essential for identifying families that may be at higher risk for child maltreatment.