Which of the following factors can contribute to a higher risk of child abuse?

The correct choice highlights a range of factors that are known to significantly increase the risk of child abuse.

Poverty is a critical risk factor, as financial stress can lead to frustration, anger, and an inability to provide for a child's basic needs, resulting in neglect or abuse. Parental substance abuse often diminishes a caregiver's ability to provide a safe and nurturing environment. It can also lead to erratic behavior, neglect, or violent outbursts. Mental illness can impair judgment and the ability to parent effectively, contributing to situations where abuse may occur. A history of domestic violence indicates a pattern of aggression and conflict within a home environment, which can increase the likelihood of both child abuse and neglect.

In contrast, the other options reflect protective factors that support healthier family dynamics. Well-established family structures and support systems provide a network that can help caregivers in times of stress, reducing the risk of abuse. High educational attainment among caregivers often correlates with better economic stability and a stronger understanding of child development and positive parenting practices. Consistent and positive community involvement fosters a supportive environment where families can thrive, further mitigating the risk factors associated with child abuse.